母乳喂养计划

大多数妇女在怀孕前或妊娠初期就决定进行母乳喂养。因此，尽早向相关医护专业人士咨询有助于妈妈实现自己的母乳喂养目标。产科和儿科医护专业人士的建议和方法有助于获得理想的母乳喂养效果。应鼓励妈妈和医护专业人士讨论自己的母乳喂养目标，一起制定母乳喂养计划和分娩计划。

病历和乳房检查

与产科医生或相关医疗保健机构进行产前就诊时，孕妇应告知与今后母乳喂养相关的个人病历。应详尽说明之前的所有疾病、用药、食疗和其它相关事宜。应讨论可能会影响母乳喂养的所有疾病、用药或之前的乳房手术。此外，还应讨论之前的母乳喂养史和母乳喂养的潜在障碍。产前就诊时应检查乳房和乳头以及双乳的对称性以确保妈妈了解可能会出现哪些母乳喂养方面的问题。

母乳喂养辅导

根据个人病历和乳房检查结果，向孕妇说明乳房情况及可能会影响母乳喂养的所有解剖学问题、饮食或药物方面的相关问题。此外，还可以通过讨论消除妈妈对母乳喂养的疑虑，鼓励妈妈分娩后采用循证母乳喂养策略，包括鼓励尽早、频繁母乳喂养，避免在医院可能会出现的问题。

还可以讨论妈妈出院回家后采用的母乳喂养方法、实用的母乳喂养和母乳储存建议、重返工作、如何挑选吸乳器。对孕妇亲属进行辅导也很重要。多项研究均表明，如果孕妇的亲属和医护人员支持母乳喂养，孕妇进行母乳喂养的可能性就更大，更容易实现自己的母乳喂养目标。

研究摘要
Breast cancer risk analysis: A genetic epidemiology service for families （英语）

Breast Cancer Risk Analysis, a service for women with breast cancer and their families, makes use of information drawn from fields such as genetics, epidemiology, ...

Kelly PT (1992)

J Genet Couns. 1(2):155-67
The association between maternal perception of obstetric and pediatric care providers' attitudes and exclusive breastfeeding outcomes （英语）

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for 6 months. Successful breastfeeding requires support from family members, peers, and health care professionals. ...

Ramakrishnan R, Oberg CN, Kirby RS (2013)

J Hum Lact. 30(1):80-7
参考文献

American Academy of Pediatrics and The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Breastfeeding handbook for physicians 2006).

Lawrence, R.A. & Lawrence, R.M. Breastfeeding: a guide for the medical profession (Elsevier Mosby, Maryland Heights, MO, 2011).

Odom, E. C., Li, R., Scanlon, K. S., Perrine, C. G. & Grummer-Strawn, L. (2014). Association of Family and Health Care Provider Opinion on Infant Feeding with Mother’s Breastfeeding Decision. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114(8), 1203–1207.

Ramakrishnan, R., Oberg, C. N. & Kirby, R. S. (2014). The association between maternal perception of obstetric and pediatric care providers’ attitudes and exclusive breastfeeding outcomes. Journal of Human Lactation, 30(1), 80-87.

Perrine, C. G., Scanlon, K. S., Li, R., Odom, E. & Grummer-Strawn, L. M. (2012). Baby-friendly hospital practices and meeting exclusive breastfeeding intention. Pediatrics, 130(1), 54-60.

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母乳喂养的益处

母乳的益处